Introduction to C Programming

• Overview of C Language
• Data Types
• Indentation
• Operators
• If-Else Statements
• Switch-Case (default and break)
• Bitwise Operators

Looping and Control Structures

• While Loop
• For Loop
• Nested Loops
• Break and Continue Statements

Functions in C

• Introduction to Functions
• Need for Functions
• Standard and User-Defined Functions
• Defining and Calling Functions
• Header Files (Standard & Custom)
• Creating Your Own Header File
• Source vs. Executable Files
• How to Create an Executable File
• Storage Classes in C:
  • Automatic
  • Register
  • Static
  • External
• Pass by Value vs. Pass by Reference
• Return by Value vs. Return by Reference
• Recursive Functions

Pointers in C

• Memory Concepts
• Pointers to Variables
• Pointers to Pointers
• Pointer Operations

Arrays in C

• Introduction and Need for Arrays
• Types of Arrays:
  • One-Dimensional
  • Two-Dimensional
  • Multi-Dimensional
• Arrays with Pointers
• Arrays with Functions

Strings in C

• Char Pointers
• Char Arrays
• Declaring and Initializing String Variables
• String Manipulation with Pointers
• String Handling Functions
• Array of Strings

Structures, Unions, Enum, and Typedef

• Enum and Typedef
• Introduction to Structures
• Defining and Using Structures
• Structures with:
  • Pointers
  • Arrays
  • Strings
  • Functions
• Array and String as Structure Members
• Containership (Nested Structures)
• Union and its Differences from Structures

 File Operations in C

• Introduction to Files
• File Types
• File Pointers
• Opening and Closing Files
• Reading, Writing, Modifying, Deleting Files
• Working with:
  • Text Files (.txt, .c, .cpp)
  • Database Files
• Creating a Simple Database Using File Operations
• Command Line Arguments

Dynamic Memory Allocation

• Purpose of Dynamic Memory Allocation
• Malloc, Calloc, Realloc, Free

Data Structures in C

• Sorting Techniques
• Recursion (Advanced)
• Linked Lists:
  • Single Linked List
  • Double Linked List
  • Circular Linked List
• Stacks and Queues (Using Arrays and Linked Lists)